A clinical trial is defined in the European Union Directive on Clinical Trials as follows: "Any investigation in human subjects, other that a non-interventional trial intended:
- a) to discover or verify the clinical, pharmacological or other pharmacodynamic effects of one or more investigational medicinal products, or
- b) to identify any adverse reactions to one or more such investigational medicinal products, or
- c) to study absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of one or more such investigational medicinal products, or
- d) to discover, verify, identify or study any combination of the matters referred to at subparagraphs a), b) and c).
with the object of ascertaining the safety or efficacy of such products, or both."